Preliminary Analysis of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Profiles of Coffea arabica L., in Samples with a Denomination of Origin and Speciality of Oaxaca, Mexico.

In February 2020, Coffea arabica L. grown on the coast and in the Southern Sierra Madre of the state of Oaxaca, Mexico obtained the denomination of origin. Which does not have data on color and chemical composition, the first associated with the degree of roasting and the second with lipids (17-18%), as the group of compounds responsible, in part, for flavor, consistency, and may contribute to health benefits. In the present work, color was determined on the CIE L*a*b* scale and the unsaturated fatty acids by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) of 1H and 13C in samples of medium roasted specialty coffee from the "Pluma" coffee-growing region, Oaxaca, Mexico. The average value of L* luminosity in ground coffee was 42.1 ± 0.1 reported for a light roast. Unsaturated fatty acids were quantified from the lipid fraction of the gr1 ound grain by NMR 1H and 13C, obtaining on average the highest abundance of linoleic (41.7 ± 0.5 by 1 H and 41.24 ± 0.5 by 13C), followed by oleic (9.2 ± 0.2 by 1H and 7.4 ± 0.2 by 13C) and linolenic (1.5 ± 0.1 by H and 1.1 ± 0.2 by 13C). This study indicates that 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy is a useful tool for the quantification of linolenic, linoleic, and oleic fatty acids by the method of key signal shifts of these acids found in lipid samples in roasted coffee grains.

La suplementación parenteral con ácidos grasos omega-3 EPA/DHA mejora el pronóstico de recuperación en los pacientes críticos / Parenteral supplementation with EPA/DHA omega-3 fatty acids improves recovery prognosis in critically ill patients

Introducción: la decisión de suplementar la nutrición parenteral total (NPT) con emulsiones de los ácidos grasos (AG) omega-3 (Ω3) eicosapentaenoico (EPA) y docosahexaenoico (DHA) de origen marino se basa en los beneficios clínicos obtenidos en distintas situaciones médicas y quirúrgicas, entre los que destacan la reducción de la estancia hospitalaria, de los días de ventilación mecánica, de la incidencia de infecciones y de la mortalidad. Sin embargo, la evidencia en pacientes críticos aún es contradictoria. Objetivo: el objetivo de este ensayo clínico fue analizar el efecto de la suplementación con AG Ω3 EPA/DHA sobre los marcadores de pronóstico clínico: médicos, nutricionales y bioquímicos, en pacientes en estado crítico, en relación con el desenlace. Método: ensayo clínico, controlado, aleatorizado y unicéntrico en 64 pacientes adultos con condición crítica, de los cuales 47 pacientes se aleatorizaron para recibir NPT suplementada con AG Ω3 EPA/DHA a dosis de 0,1 g/kg/día (n = 23) o 0,2 g/kg/día (n = 24), comparados con un grupo de control histórico con NPT sin suplementación (n = 17). Se determinaron de manera basal y al final del soporte nutricional los marcadores de pronóstico clínico: médicos, nutricionales y bioquímicos. Resultados: los dos grupos con suplementación mostraron una reducción estadísticamente significativa de la mortalidad (p < 0,005); los marcadores de pronóstico clínico: SOFA, APACHE II, SAPS 3, NUTRIC, RTL y CRS, fueron consistentes en mostrar una mejoría significativa (p < 0,005) del pronóstico con las dosis de 0,1 y 0,2 g/kg/día de AG Ω3 EPA/DHA, respectivamente. Conclusión: la suplementación de la nutrición parenteral con ácidos grasos AG Ω3 EPA/DHA a dosis de 0,1 g y 0,2 g/kg/día mejora el pronóstico de la recuperación y la probabilidad de sobrevida en los pacientes críticos. (AU)

Introduction: the decision to supplement total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with emulsions of omega-3 (Ω3) eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) fatty acids (FA) of marine origin is based on the clinical benefits obtained in different medical situations and surgical procedures, among which reductions in hospital stay, days of mechanical ventilation, incidence of infections and mortality stand out. However, the evidence in critically ill patients remains contradictory. Objective: the objective of this clinical trial was to analyze the effect of supplementation with EPA/DHA Ω3 FAs on clinical prognostic markers - medical, nutritional and biochemical - in critically ill patients, relating to outcome. Method: a clinical, controlled, randomized, single-center trial in 64 critically ill adult patients, of which 47 patients were randomized to receive TPN supplemented with EPA/DHA Ω3 FAs in doses of 0.1 g/kg/day (n = 23) and 0.2 g/kg/day (n = 24), compared with a historical control group with TPN without supplementation (n = 17). Clinical prognosis markers were determined at baseline and at the end of nutritional support (medical, nutritional and biochemical). Results: the two groups with supplementation showed a statistically significant reduction in mortality (p < 0.005); the clinical prognostic markers SOFA, APACHE II, SAPS 3, NUTRIC, RTL and CRS were consistent in showing a significant improvement (p < 0.005), of prognosis with doses of 0.1 and 0.2 g/kg/day of EPA/DHA Ω3 FAs, respectively. Conclusion: supplementation of parenteral nutrition with EPA/DHA Ω3 fatty acids at doses of 0.1 g and 0.2 g/kg/day improves recovery prognosis and the probability of survival in critically ill patients. (AU)

The Role of B Cell and T Cell Glycosylation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Glycosylation is a post-translational modification that affects the stability, structure, antigenicity and charge of proteins. In the immune system, glycosylation is involved in the regulation of ligand-receptor interactions, such as in B-cell and T-cell activating receptors. Alterations in glycosylation have been described in several autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), in which alterations have been found mainly in the glycosylation of B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and immunoglobulins. In immunoglobulin G of lupus patients, a decrease in galactosylation, sialylation, and nucleotide fucose, as well as an increase in the N-acetylglucosamine bisector, are observed. These changes in glycoisolation affect the interactions of immunoglobulins with Fc receptors and are associated with pericarditis, proteinuria, nephritis, and the presence of antinuclear antibodies. In T cells, alterations have been described in the glycosylation of receptors involved in activation, such as the T cell receptor; these changes affect the affinity with their ligands and modulate the binding to endogenous lectins such as galectins. In T cells from lupus patients, a decrease in galectin 1 binding is observed, which could favor activation and reduce apoptosis. Furthermore, these alterations in glycosylation correlate with disease activity and clinical manifestations, and thus have potential use as biomarkers. In this review, we summarize findings on glycosylation alterations in SLE and how they relate to immune system defects and their clinical manifestations.

[Parenteral supplementation with EPA/DHA omega-3 fatty acids improves recovery prognosis in critically ill patients]. / La suplementación parenteral con ácidos grasos omega-3 EPA/DHA mejora el pronóstico de recuperación en los pacientes críticos.

Introduction: Introduction: the decision to supplement total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with emulsions of omega-3 (Ω3) eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) fatty acids (FA) of marine origin is based on the clinical benefits obtained in different medical situations and surgical procedures, among which reductions in hospital stay, days of mechanical ventilation, incidence of infections and mortality stand out. However, the evidence in critically ill patients remains contradictory. Objective: the objective of this clinical trial was to analyze the effect of supplementation with EPA/DHA Ω3 FAs on clinical prognostic markers - medical, nutritional and biochemical - in critically ill patients, relating to outcome. Method: a clinical, controlled, randomized, single-center trial in 64 critically ill adult patients, of which 47 patients were randomized to receive TPN supplemented with EPA/DHA Ω3 FAs in doses of 0.1 g/kg/day (n = 23) and 0.2 g/kg/day (n = 24), compared with a historical control group with TPN without supplementation (n = 17). Clinical prognosis markers were determined at baseline and at the end of nutritional support (medical, nutritional and biochemical). Results: the two groups with supplementation showed a statistically significant reduction in mortality (p < 0.005); the clinical prognostic markers SOFA, APACHE II, SAPS 3, NUTRIC, RTL and CRS were consistent in showing a significant improvement (p < 0.005), of prognosis with doses of 0.1 and 0.2 g/kg/day of EPA/DHA Ω3 FAs, respectively. Conclusion: supplementation of parenteral nutrition with EPA/DHA Ω3 fatty acids at doses of 0.1 g and 0.2 g/kg/day improves recovery prognosis and the probability of survival in critically ill patients.

Introducción: Introducción: la decisión de suplementar la nutrición parenteral total (NPT) con emulsiones de los ácidos grasos (AG) omega-3 (Ω3) eicosapentaenoico (EPA) y docosahexaenoico (DHA) de origen marino se basa en los beneficios clínicos obtenidos en distintas situaciones médicas y quirúrgicas, entre los que destacan la reducción de la estancia hospitalaria, de los días de ventilación mecánica, de la incidencia de infecciones y de la mortalidad. Sin embargo, la evidencia en pacientes críticos aún es contradictoria. Objetivo: el objetivo de este ensayo clínico fue analizar el efecto de la suplementación con AG Ω3 EPA/DHA sobre los marcadores de pronóstico clínico: médicos, nutricionales y bioquímicos, en pacientes en estado crítico, en relación con el desenlace. Método: ensayo clínico, controlado, aleatorizado y unicéntrico en 64 pacientes adultos con condición crítica, de los cuales 47 pacientes se aleatorizaron para recibir NPT suplementada con AG Ω3 EPA/DHA a dosis de 0,1 g/kg/día (n = 23) o 0,2 g/kg/día (n = 24), comparados con un grupo de control histórico con NPT sin suplementación (n = 17). Se determinaron de manera basal y al final del soporte nutricional los marcadores de pronóstico clínico: médicos, nutricionales y bioquímicos. Resultados: los dos grupos con suplementación mostraron una reducción estadísticamente significativa de la mortalidad (p < 0,005); los marcadores de pronóstico clínico: SOFA, APACHE II, SAPS 3, NUTRIC, RTL y CRS, fueron consistentes en mostrar una mejoría significativa (p < 0,005) del pronóstico con las dosis de 0,1 y 0,2 g/kg/día de AG Ω3 EPA/DHA, respectivamente. Conclusión: la suplementación de la nutrición parenteral con ácidos grasos AG Ω3 EPA/DHA a dosis de 0,1 g y 0,2 g/kg/día mejora el pronóstico de la recuperación y la probabilidad de sobrevida en los pacientes críticos.

Evaluación de la microencapsulación de ácidos húmicos y fúlvicos para ser empleados en la fertilización de liberación controlada para plantas de ornato con alto valor comercial / Evaluation of the microencapsulation of humic and fulvic acids to be used in controlled release fertilization for ornamental plants with high commercial value

El objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar la microencapsulación de ácidos humícos y fúlvicos para ser empleados en la fertilización a través de la liberación controlada para plantas de ornato con un alto valor comercial, con ello se busca generar una alternativa de reducción en el impacto ambiental provocado por otros tipos de fertilizantes para los mismos fines, es importante mencionar que la producción de plantas de ornato es considerada como una industria que requiere de costos elevados durante su iniciación y mantenimiento, destacando el incremento de costos debido a la utilización de materiales importados tales como: vermiculitas, lana roca, turbas, muzgos, nitrato de potasio, nitrato de calcio y fosfonitratos, se debe tomar en cuenta que los productos comerciales más utilizados para la fertilización han demostrado poseer propiedades fisicoquímicas adecuadas para el desarrollo de los cultivos por lo tanto, el desarrollo de fertilizantes alternativos a los tradicionales habrán de cuidar de manera especial dichos aspectos, además de no ocasionar daño al suelo evitando así la generación de contaminantes residuales.(AU)

The objective of this work is to evaluate the microencapsulation of humic and fulvic acids to be used in fertilization through controlled release for ornamental plants with a high commercial value, thereby seeking to generate an alternative to reduce the impact environmental caused by other types of fertilizers for the same purposes, it is important to mention that the production of ornamental plants is considered as an industry that requires high costs during its initiation and maintenance, highlighting the increase in costs due to the use of imported materials such as: vermiculites, rock wool, peat, muzgos, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate and phosphonitrate, it should be taken into account that the most used commercial products for fertilization have shown to have adequate physicochemical properties for the development of crops, therefore, the development of alternative fertilizers to the traditional ones will have to take special care of these aspects, in addition to not causing damage to the soil, thus avoiding the generation of residual contaminants.(AU)

Intermittent fasting may optimize intestinal microbiota, adipocyte status and metabolic health.

The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the present association between Intermittent Fasting (IF), the Gut Microbiota (GM), and the adipocyte with respect to Metabolic Health (MH). A search was carried out through Dialnet, Scielo, Web of Science, Redalyc and PubMed, using keywords such as: "intermittent fasting", "time-restricted feeding", "gut microbiota" and "Metabolic Health". Intermittent fasting (IF) regimens promote weight loss, therefore contributing to improved metabolic health. IF beneficially participates in the modulation of the intestinal microbiome, allowing a continuous interaction with nutrients to be digested and shaping the intestinal immune responses during the development of cardiovascular disease, blood pressure and diabetes mellitus through metabolic activities.

Cuantificación de la actividad específica de lectina en teosinte Zea diploperennis / Quantification of specific lectin activity in teosinte Zea diploperennis

Objetivo: Evaluar la actividad específica de lectina en teosinte Zea diploperennis sano e infectado con Ustilago maydis.Materiales y métodos: Plántulas de Zea diploperennis de 6 días de crecimiento fueron inoculadas con Ustilago maydis. Se evaluó la concentración de proteínas totales y la actividad hemaglutinante de extractos crudos de teosinte sano e infectado en placas de microtitulación con eritrocitos tipo O al 3% siguiendo la técnica de diluciones dobles seriadas durante 6 días. Resultados: La concentración de proteínas totales se incrementa en coleoptilo sano durante cada día de su crecimiento. No así en teosinte infectado donde la curva presenta una tendencia a la baja desde el momento de la inoculación. La actividad específica de lectina disminuye en ambos casos desde el primer día de cuantificación. Conclusiones: La evidente reducción en la actividad de lectina en teosinte infectado en comparación con teosinte sano podría explicar la susceptibilidad de este teosinte a dicho fitopatógeno. Si bien, la participación de las lectinas de teosinte y maíz en el mecanismo de defensa a Ustilago maydis todavía no ha sido esclarecida, los resultados obtenidos contribuyen a la comprensión del efecto que puede tener la concentración de lectina y proteína sobre la resistencia en teosinte.(AU)

Objective: To evaluate the specific activity of lectin in healthy and infected teosinte Zea diploperennis with Ustilago maydis. Materials and methods: Zea diploperennis seedlings of 6 days of growth were inoculated with Ustilago maydis. Total protein concentration and hemagglutinating activity of crude extracts of healthy and infected teosinte were evaluated in microtiter plates with 3% type O red cells following the technique of serial double dilutions for 6 days. Results: The concentration of total proteins increases in healthy coleoptile during each day of its growth. Not so in infected teosinte where the curve shows a downward trend from the moment of inoculation. The specific lectin activity decreases in both cases from the first day of quantification. Conclusions: The evident reduction in lectin activity in infected teosinte compared to healthy teosinte could explain the susceptibility of this teosinte to said phytopathogen. Although the participation of the teosinte and corn lectins in the defense mechanism against Ustilago maydis has not yet been clarified, the results obtained contribute to the understanding of the effect that the concentration of lectin and protein can have on resistance in teosinte.(AU)

Physical activity: academic stress regulator in time of covid-19 pandemic. Covid-19 and academic stress / Actividad física: regulador de estrés académico en tiempos de pandemia Covid-19. Covid-19 y estrés académico

Introduction: The pandemic derived from the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, forced the population to adopt measures for biosecurity purposes, such as: healthy distance and confinement, the tasks that were normally carried out outside the home were temporarily stopped, triggering with this a series of stressors. Objective: The objective of this work was to analyze the relationship between physical activity and perceived academic stress during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in students of the Faculty of Medicine and Surgery of the Universidad Regional del Sureste. Methods: It was a descriptive-cross-sectional study, the sample was determined conveniently since the surveys were applied to second- and third-year students, through the Moodle platform of the advisor of this project, surveying 6 groups, the Cognitivist Systemic Inventory was applied to study academic stress (SISCO) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Results: 84% refer to physical activity on a daily basis, in addition to the fact that 65.4% of students consider themselves to be under moderate stress, 16.6% do not present stress, 15.5% with mild stress and only 2.5% with severe stress, this perhaps derived from individual personalities and levels of self-demand. Conclusions: The main stressors are related to the self-directed study and the characteristics of the complementary activities of self-directed learning. The manifestations of stress are varied and of multifactorial origin, the most common being chronic fatigue, anxiety and headache. The practice of regular physical activity is related to greater physical and psycho-emotional well-being.(AU)

Introducción: La pandemia derivada de la presencia del virus SARS-CoV-2, obligó a la población a adoptar medidas con fines de bioseguridad, tales como: distancia sana y confinamiento, las tareas que normalmente se realizaban fuera del hogar fueron detenidas temporalmente, desencadenando con esto una serie de factores estresantes. Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la relación entre la actividad física y el estrés académico percibido durante la pandemia SARS-CoV-2 en estudiantes de la Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía de la Universidad Regional del Sureste. Métodos: Se trató de un estudio descriptivo-transversal, la muestra se determinó convenientemente ya que las encuestas se aplicaron a estudiantes de segundo y tercer año, a través de la plataforma Moodle del asesor de este proyecto, encuestando a 6 grupos, para el estudio del estrés académico se aplicó el Inventario Cognitivista Sistémico (SISCO) y el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ). Resultados: el 84% refiere realizar actividad física en el día a día, además de que el 65,4% de los estudiantes se considera bajo estrés moderado, el 16,6% no presenta estrés, el 15,5% con estrés leve y solo el 2,5% con estrés severo, esto quizás derivado de personalidades individuales y niveles de autoexigencia. Conclusiones: Los principales factores estresantes están relacionados con el estudio autodirigido y las características de las actividades complementarias del aprendizaje autodirigido. Las manifestaciones del estrés son variadas y de origen multifactorial, siendo las más frecuentes: fatiga crónica, ansiedad y dolor de cabeza. La práctica de actividad física regular está relacionada con un mayor bienestar físico y psicoemocional.(AU)

Consumption of Vegetable Oils of Persea americana L., and Vitis vinifera L., as Part of Nutritional Support in Non-Communicable Diseases in the Population of the State of Oaxaca, Mexico: Pretest-Postest Intervention Study without Control.

Lifestyle plays an important role in the development of noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity, in addition to a poor diet loaded with simple carbohydrates and saturated fats. This was a trial with a randomized, analytical, longitudinal, and prospective quasi-experimental design, which was divided into 2 phases: the first with healthy subjects with an age range between 18 to 30 y and normal BMI (18.5-24.9). The second phase was subjected with familial hypercholesterolemia aged between 18 to 45 y and overweight (25-29.9). For those subjects who frequently consumed vegetable oil of both Vitis vinifera L., or Persea americana L. (10 mL), they presented a significant reduction in anthropometric measures and in biochemical variables such as capillary glucose and increased HDLc. The vegetable oils of Persea americana L., and Vitis vinifera L., can act as adjuvants for the treatment of noncommunicable diseases.

Aspectos genéticos de los Feocromocitomas y Paragangliomas / Genetic aspects of Pheocromocytomas and Paragangliomas

Los Feocromocitomas (FCC) y Paragangliomas (PGG) son tumores derivados de células de la cresta neural, que secretan catecolaminas. El 80-85% de los FCC derivan de la médula adrenal, mientras el 15-20% de tejido cromafín extra adrenal. Avances en la investigación genética han permitido identificar múltiples genes implicados en la fisiopatogenia de estos tumores, de forma que podrían tener una mutación germinal subyacente. La existencia de mutaciones espontáneas, baja penetrancia, protección materna e interacciones entre genes o con el ambiente puede explicar en parte este hecho. Debe confirmarse, la existencia de una mutación en un paciente afecto antes de ofrecer estudio genético a sus familiares asintomáticos. El clínico debe considerar diversos factores como: la localización del tumor, producción hormonal, malignidad, multicentricidad e historia familiar antes de decidir que mutación debe estudiarse en primer lugar. Un diagnóstico precoz de estos tumores, acompañado de un correcto diagnóstico genético, debe ser una prioridad que permita un mejor tratamiento, la detección precoz de complicaciones, un correcto tamizaje de familiares y de otros tumores relacionados, así como una mejoría en el pronóstico global de estos pacientes. El brindar conocimiento de nuevos genes causantes de la enfermedad hereditaria ha supuesto un cambio en las recomendaciones sobre la necesidad de realizar estudio genético para brindar el tratamiento adecuado a tiempo.(AU)

Pheochromocytomas (FCC) and Paragangliomas (PGG) are tumors derived from neural crest cells, which secrete catecholamines. 80-85% of FCCs derive from the adrenal medulla, while 15-20% from extra-adrenal chromaffin tissue. Advances in genetic research have made it possible to identify multiple genes involved in the physiopathogenesis of these tumors, such that they could have an underlying germline mutation. The existence of spontaneous mutations, low penetrance, maternal protection and interactions between genes or with the environment can partly explain this fact. The existence of a mutation in an affected patient must be confirmed before offering a genetic study to their asymptomatic relatives. The clinician must consider several factors such as: tumor location, hormonal production, malignancy, multicentricity, and family history before deciding which mutation should be studied first. An early diagnosis of these tumors, accompanied by a correct genetic diagnosis, should be a priority that allows better treatment, the early detection of complications, a correct screening of relatives and other related tumors, as well as an improvement in the overall prognosis of these patients. Providing knowledge of new genes that cause hereditary disease has led to a change in the recommendations regarding the need for a genetic study to provide the appropriate treatment in time.(AU)

Fatty Acids and Lipid Derivatives Protecting Photooxidative Attack in Age-related Macular Degeneration.

The objective is the systematic review of studies published in Scielo, Redalyc, Dialnet, Web of Science, Scopus and Pubmed, related to the inclusion of fatty acids and lipid derivatives in the daily diet to prevent or delay the appearance or progression of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD). The analysis of the research results consulted shows that AMD is one of the most frequent causes of blindness in subjects over 55 years of age. AMD is characterized by decreased vision, metamorphopsia, macropsies, micropsies, and central scotoma. Disease that must be diagnosed early as it can lead to irreversible blindness. Among the components of the diet that in numerous epidemiological studies have shown an association in the treatment of AMD and that are reviewed in this work are fatty acids, vitamins and carotenoids. There is ample evidence that fatty acids and lipid derivatives can be included in the diet plans of subjects with AMD.

Percepción del ambiente educativo en médicos internos de pregrado de la facultad de medicina y cirugía, URSE / Perception of the educational environment in pre-degree internal doctors of the faculty of medicine and surgery, URSE

INTRODUCCIÓN: El ambiente educativo hace referencia a condiciones tangibles e intangibles en una institución y está asociado a la satisfacción de los estudiantes. OBJETIVO: Determinar la percepción del ambiente educativo que tienen los médicos internos de pregrado de la Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía (URSE) durante el ciclo escolar 2018-2019. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo-transversal, se empleó el cuestionario Postgraduate Hospital Education Environment (PHEEM) a médicos internos de pregrado, el análisis de los datos se realizó a través de estadística descriptiva mediante SPSS(R) y la base de datos fue elaborada a través de Excel(R). RESULTADOS: El cuestionario fue respondido por 124 médicos internos (mujeres: 44%, hombres: 56%; edad: 24.71 años), la puntuación global del PHEEM fue catalogado como un ambiente educacional excelente. CONCLUSIONES: El ambiente educativo es percibido como excelente, aún se debe mejorar el desarrollo de prácticas médico-quirúrgicas y el diagnóstico en los diversos servicios del internado, como aspecto negativo se observa la pobre rotación por el servicio de Medicina Familiar

INTRODUCTION: The educational environment refers to tangible and intangible conditions in an institution and is associated with student satisfaction. OBJECTIVE: To determine the perception of the educational environment that internal undergraduate doctors of the Faculty of Medicine and Surgery (URSE) have during the 2018-2019 school year. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive-cross-sectional study, the Postgraduate Hospital Education Environment (PHEEM) questionnaire was used to undergraduate internal physicians, the data analysis was performed through descriptive statistics using SPSS(R) and the database was prepared through Excel(R). RESULTS: The questionnaire was answered by 124 internal doctors (women: 44%, men: 56%; age: 24.71 years), the overall PHEEM score was classified as an excellent educational environment. CONCLUSIONS: The educational environment is perceived as excellent, the development of medical-surgical practices and diagnosis in the various boarding school services must still be improved, as a negative aspect, the poor rotation by the Family Medicine service is observed

Vitis vinifera: An Alternative for the Prevention of Neurodegenerative Diseases.

To present a systematic review of published studies in databases such as PUBMED, REDALYC, SCIELO, DIALNET, SCOPUS, EBSCO and CONRICYT related to the role-played by the components present in the vegetable oil of grape seed (Vitis vinífera) and the prevention or delay in the onset or progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The analysis of the research revealed that neurodegenerative diseases causes alterations in consciousness or in the nervous system leading to severe damage in neuronal cells, these pathologies are considered gradual and progressive. Various syndromes manifest the degenerative diseases of the nervous system; in some of them the predominant symptom is the progressive dementia. Among the components of the diet that in numerous epidemiological studies have shown an inverse association are vitamins, minerals, carotenoids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols, the latter being the ones addressed in this document. There is an important evidence that a nutritional support based on polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants can be applied to subjects with a history of neurodegenerative conditions in order to act as neuroprotectors. This requires the determination of the nutritional benefits of these nutrients or of nutraceuticals for the health of this group of patients.

Percepción del ambiente educativo en estudiantes de pregrado de la Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, URSE / Perception of the educational environment in undergraduate students of the Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, URSE

INTRODUCCIÓN: El ambiente educativo hace referencia a condiciones tangibles e intangibles en una institución (relaciones entre las personas y las características de estas interacciones) y está asociado a la satisfacción de los estudiantes. OBJETIVO: Determinar la percepción del ambiente educativo que tienen los estudiantes de pregrado de la Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía (URSE) durante el ciclo escolar 2018-2019. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo-transversal, se empleó el cuestionario Dundde Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) a una muestra de estudiantes de pregrado. El análisis de los datos se realizó a través de estadística descriptiva mediante SPSSâ y la base de datos fue elaborada a través de Excelâ. RESULTADOS: El cuestionario fue respondido por 292 alumnos (mujeres: 40.8%, hombres: 59.2%; edad: 21.8 años). La puntuación global del DREEM fue catalogado como un ambiente educativo más positivo que negativo, los encuestados perciben que las estrategias de enseñanza en términos de metodologías, actividades y objetivos son adecuadas. CONCLUSIONES: Aunque el ambiente educativo es percibido más positivo que negativo, este estudio apertura para identificar áreas de fortaleza y debilidad sobre las que hay que trabajar para conseguir una mejora en la calidad educativa en pro de futuros médicos

INTRODUCTION: The educational environment refers to tangible and intangible conditions in an institution (relationships between people and the characteristics of these interactions) and is associated with student satisfaction. OBJECTIVE: To determine the perception of the educational environment that undergraduate students of the Faculty of Medicine and Surgery (USSR) have during the 2018-2019 school year. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive-cross-sectional study, the Dundde Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire was used on a sample of undergraduate students. Data analysis was performed through descriptive statistics using SPSSâ and the database was prepared through Excelâ. RESULTS: The questionnaire was answered by 292 students (women: 40.8%, men: 59.2%; age: 21.8 years). The global DREEM score was classified as a more positive than negative educational environment, respondents perceive that teaching strategies in terms of methodologies, activities and objectives are adequate. CONCLUSIONS: Although the educational environment is perceived more positive than negative, this study opens to identify areas of strength and weakness on which we must work to achieve an improvement in the quality of education for future doctors

[Increasing consumption of dietary fiber complementary to the treatment of metabolic syndrome]. / Incremento en el consumo de fibra dietética complementario al tratamiento del síndrome metabólico.

INTRODUCTION: the amount of fiber ingested in Latin American countries is lower (10-20 g/d) than recommended (35 g/d). An increase isrecommended for patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) to reduce cardiovascular risk, as well as to prevent obesity and other complications. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate whether increased dietary fiber consumption complements MS treatment and improves clinical and laboratory parameters in subjects at the San Martín Mexicapam "La Joya" Health Center, Oaxaca (Mexico). METHODS: an analytical-longitudinal study was carried out from January to April 2017, to evaluate nutritional status before and after intervention with dietary fiber and to measure cholesterol levels, triglycerides and fasting blood glucose. An increase of 15 g of fiber (fruits-vegetables and/or oat bran and/or wheat bran) was indicated in the usual diet over eight weeks. RESULTS: the sample consisted of 30 participants from the Mutual Aid Group diagnosed with MS, with an average age of 37.26 years, starting from a body mass index (BMI) of 30.75 kg/cm2 and levels of fasting glycemia at 153.87 mg/dl, triglycerides at 209.67 mg/dl, and cholesterol at 213.81 mg/dl. Following the intervention, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was obtained with a BMI of 29.7 kg/cm2, fasting glycemia at 127.77 mg/dl, triglycerides at 179.71 mg/dl and cholesterol at 207.13 mg/dl. CONCLUSION: a reduction in the results for the parameters tested in patients of MS is improved by a greater consumption of dietary fiber, such as oat bran. However, additional studies are required to generate clearer recommendations.

Incremento en el consumo de fibra dietética complementario al tratamiento del síndrome metabólico / Increasing consumption of dietary fiber complementary to the treatment of metabolic síndrome

Introducción: la fibra ingerida por la población en Latinoamérica es inferior (10-20 g/d) a lo recomendado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) (25-35 g/d). Su consumo se debe promover para pacientes con síndrome metabólico (SM), ya que reduce el riesgo cardiovascular y previene la obesidad y alteraciones asociadas. Objetivo: evaluar si el incremento del consumo de fibra dietética como coadyuvante para el tratamiento de SM en sujetos del Centro de Salud de San Martín Mexicapam "La Joya", Oaxaca (México), mejora los parámetros clínicos y laboratoriales de los mismos. Métodos: se trató de un estudio analítico-longitudinal llevado a cabo desde enero hasta abril de 2017, en el cual se evaluó el estado nutricional antes y después de la intervención con fibra dietética y se midieron los niveles de colesterol, triglicéridos y glucosa en sangre en ayuno. Se indicó un incremento de 15 g de fibra (frutas-verduras y/o salvado de avena y/o salvado de trigo) a la dieta habitual por un lapso continuo de ocho semanas. Resultados: la muestra fue de 30 participantes del Grupo de Ayuda Mutua diagnosticados con SM, cuya media de edad fue de 37,26 años y con un índice de masa corporal (IMC) al inicio de 30,75 kg/cm2, glucemia de ayuno de 153,87 mg/dl, triglicéridos de 209,67 mg/dl y colesterol de 213,81 mg/dl. Al finalizar la intervención se obtuvo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,05): IMC de 29,7 kg/cm2, glucemia de ayuno de 127,77 mg/dl, triglicéridos de 179,71 mg/dl y colesterol de 207,13 mg/dl. Conclusión: el incremento del consumo de fibra dietética (salvado de avena) funciona como complemento al tratamiento del SM para disminuir los parámetros clínicos y laboratoriales de los sujetos de estudio. Sin embargo, se requiere de más estudios para generar recomendaciones más claras

Introduction: the amount of fiber ingested in Latin American countries is lower (10-20 g/d) than recommended (35 g/d). An increase is recommended for patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) to reduce cardiovascular risk, as well as to prevent obesity and other complications. Objective: to evaluate whether increased dietary fiber consumption complements MS treatment and improves clinical and laboratory parameters in subjects at the San Martin Mexicapam "La Joya" Health Center, Oaxaca (Mexico). Methods: an analytical-longitudinal study was carried out from January to April 2017, to evaluate nutritional status before and after intervention with dietary fiber and to measure cholesterol levels, triglycerides and fasting blood glucose. An increase of 15 g of fiber (fruits-vegetables and/ or oat bran and/or wheat bran) was indicated in the usual diet over eight weeks. Results: the sample consisted of 30 participants from the Mutual Aid Group diagnosed with MS, with an average age of 37.26 years, starting from a body mass index (BMI) of 30.75 kg/cm2 and levels of fasting glycemia at 153.87 mg/dl, triglycerides at 209.67 mg/dl, and cholesterol at 213.81 mg/dl. Following the intervention, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was obtained with a BMI of 29.7 kg/cm2, fasting glycemia at 127.77 mg/dl, triglycerides at 179.71 mg/dl and cholesterol at 207.13 mg/dl. Conclusion: a reduction in the results for the parameters tested in patients of MS is improved by a greater consumption of dietary fiber, such as oat bran. However, additional studies are required to generate clearer recommendations